[ effect of cabergoline on level of liver enzymes and serum proteins in adult male rat]

The liver has an important role in the metabolism of chemical drugs and plasma protein synthesis. Caberoline is used in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia and Parkinson disease and some of other disorders. This study aimed to find the effect of cabergoline on the liver enzymes and serum proteins. In this experimental study 40 adult male Wistar rats were divided in to five equal groups. The drug was subcutaneously injected for 14 days. The experimental groups received 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg respectively. The control group had no drug and the last group received distilled water. At the end, blood samples were taken from all subjects and liver enzymes, ALT [Alanine Transaminase], AST [Asportate Transaminase], ALP [Alkaline phosphatase], Albumin and total protein were determined by outoanalyzer in order to evaluate the liver function. The results were analyzed by non-parametric [K Independent Sample] tests. No significant differences were observed in the level of ALT and AST enzymes between cases and control groups. The level of ALP in case groups [474 +/- 53.06, 471 +/- 28.7] showed a significant decrease compared to the control group [551 +/- 31.64]. Total protein showed a significant decrease in the groups who received medium and maximum doses of cabergoline [4.6 +/- 0.05 and 4.46 +/- 0.02 compared to 4.71 +/- 0.08 in control group]. As there was no significant difference in the level of AST and ALT as the main indicators of liver function, it could be concluded that cabergoline as a dopamine antagonist has no side effects on the liver parenchymal cells, but more study seems to be needed

Organic and inorganic selenium compounds produce different protein patterns in the blood plasma of rats

Some selenium compounds offer important health benefits when administered at supranutritional doses, such as improvement of the immune system and of male fertility, and the prevention of some types of cancer. The traditional selenium indexes do not account for the metabolic status of this element among replete individuals. As a consequence, there is a need for new indexes that distinguish between repletion statuses of selenium. The aim of this work was to indentify some plasmatic proteins that respond to supranutritional doses of selenium, which could be proposed as new protein markers of selenium intake. The effect on rats of dietary supplementation with either selenomethylselenocysteine (SMSeC) or sodium-selenate on some blood plasma proteins was investigated. Two experimental groups consisting of six rats each were fed a basic diet supplemented with either SMSeC or sodium-selenate at 1.9 mg-Se / g-diet for ten weeks. The control group was fed a diet that contained the recommended selenium dose (0.15 mg-Se / g-diet). The changes in the abundance of a group of plasmatic proteins were quantified and analysed statistically. Haptoglobin, apolipoprotein E and transthyretin increased their abundance after diet supplementation with either form of selenium. HNF6 was responsive only to SMSeC, whereas fibrinogen responded only to sodium-selenate. We postulate that the protein patterns observed in this work could be proposed as new molecular biology-based markers of selenium intake.

[Effect of saffron extract on electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in the male mice]

Due to widespread use of saffron [Crocus sativus L] as food colorant and flavor, and its reputation in folk medicine as a drug, recent studies revealed that main components of saffron are the carotenoids: crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin and safranal which have a large number of physiological effects on different biological systems. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of Crocus sativus on serum proteins pattern in the male mice. Five groups including eight adult male Balb/C mice were used in this study. Normal saline administered as placebo to control group and saffron extract in doses of 25 mg/Kg/48hr, 50 mg/Kg/48hr, 100 mg/Kg/48hr and 200 mg/Kg/48hr were injected intra peritoneally for 20 days to experimental groups. The levels of Albumin, Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta and Gamma globulins were separated electrophoretically and A/G ratio was calculated from the pattern of electrophoretogram. The result indicated that the levels of Albumin increased significantly in two experimental groups that had received 50 mg/Kg/48h and 100 mg/Kg/48h extract of Saffron as compared to the control group, the levels of Alpha-1 didn't have any remarkable changes in any group. The injection of 50 mg/Kg/48h, 100 mg/Kg/48h and 200 mg/Kg/48hr extract of saffron decreased [p < 0.05] the Alpha-2 level in plasma as compared to the control group and levels of Beta globulins increased significantly in these three groups. The levels of Gamma globulins increased significantly in 100 and 200 mg/kg-treated groups as compared to the placebo controlled group. A/G ratio [Albumin/Globulin ratio] were significantly [p < 0.05] lower than control group in any groups that received saffron extract in a dose-dependent manner. Albumin were significantly increased in two groups and A/G ratio was decreased in any groups. This can be interpreted that in the absence of antigen stimulation, serum globulins did alter markedly by extract of saffron. The study shows that since albumin synthesis occurs in the liver cells, thus administration of saffron may improve the status of liver function significantly

Plasma haptoglobin and immunoglobulins as diagnostic indicators of deoxynivalenol intoxication

This study aimed to discover potential biomarkers for dioxynivalenol (DON) intoxication. B6C3F1 male mice were rally exposed to 0.83, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) DON for 8 days and the differential protein expressions in their blood plasma were determined by SELDI - Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry (TOF/MS) and the immunoglobulins (Igs) G, A, M and E in the serum were investigated. 11.7 kDa protein was significantly highly expressed according to DON administration and this protein was purified by employing a methyl ceramic HyperD F column with using optimization buffer for adsorption and desorption. The purified protein was identified as a haptoglobin precursor by peptide mapping with using LC/Q-TOF/MS and MALDI-TOF/MS and this was confirmed by western blotting and ELISA. IgG and IgM in serum were decreased in a dose-dependent manner and IgA was decreased at 7.5 mg/kg bw DON administration, but the IgE level was not changed. To compare the expressions of haptoglobin and the Igs patterns between aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA) and DON intoxications, rats were orally administered with AFB1 1.0, ZEA 240 and DON 7.5 mg/kg bw for 8 days. Haptoglobin was increased only at DON 7.5 mg/kg bw, while it was slightly decreased at ZEA 240 mg/kg bw and it was not detected at all at AFB1 1.0 mg/kg bw. IgG and IgA were decreased by DON, but IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were all increased by AFB1. No changes were observed by ZEA administration. These results show that plasma haptoglobin could be a diagnostic biomarker for DON intoxication when this is combined with examining the serum Igs.

Effect of T-2 toxin on growth, performance and haematobiochemical alterations in broilers.

Administration of dietary T-2 toxin in 120 days old broiler chicks led to significant lower body weights and increase in feed conversion ratio from 2nd week of age. There was significant reduction in haemoglobin and packed cell volume in T-2 toxicated birds at 4 ppm level only. The other hematological parameters like TEC, TLC and absolute leucocyte count did not showed any variation due to T-2 toxin in feed. Significant reduction in serum total protein and cholesterol levels and rise in serum uric acid and LDH levels of broilers were observed due to dietary T-2 toxin. The result suggests that T-2 toxin is toxic to broilers even at very low concentrations.

Benznidazole vs benznidazole in multilamellar liposomes: how different they interact with blood components?

In spite of its widespread use, benznidazole's (BNZ) toxicity and low efficacy remains as major drawbacks that impair successful treatments against Chagas disease. Previously, attempting to increase the selectivity and reduce its toxicity on infected tissues, multilamellar liposomes (MLV) composed of hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC): distearoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DSPG): cholesterol (CHOL) 2:1:2 mol:mol loaded with BNZ (MLV-BNZ) were designed. In this work we compared different properties of MLV-BNZ with those of BNZ. Opposite to other hydrophobic drugs, the results indicated that slight changes of BNZÎs association degree to proteins and lipoproteins should not modify the percentage of unbound drug available to exert pharmacological action. On the other hand, when loaded in MLV, BNZ reduced its association to plasma proteins in 45 percent and became refractory to the sinking effect of blood, dropping 4.5 folds. Additionally, when loaded in MLV, BNZ had higher volume distribution (160 ± 20 vs 102 ± 15 ml/kg) and total clearance (35.23 ± 2.3 vs 21.9 ± 1.4 ml/h.kg), and lower concentration-time curve (7.23 ± 0.2 vs 9.16 ± 0.5 æg.h/ml) than BNZ. Hence, these studies showed that for MLV-BNZ, the amount of BNZ can be substantially increased, from 25 to 70 percent, being this formulation more rapidly cleared from circulation than free drug; also due to the lower interaction with blood components, lower side effects can be expected.

Efeito do tamoxifeno no perfil das proteínas plasmáticas em condição de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Effect of tamoxifen on plasma proteins in diabetes mellitus type 1

OBJETIVO: Considerando-se que importantes avanços científicos têm sido obtidos através de estudos com Diabetes mellitus experimental, e que a ação do tamoxifeno em humanos permanece obscura, o presente trabalho objetiva acompanhar as modificações promovidas pelo diabetes e tamoxifeno no perfil eletroforético das proteínas plasmáticas. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 27 ratos fêmeas Wistar (180-220g peso corporal), divididos randomicamente em 5 grupos: C1 (n=3, receberam veículo), C2 (n=3, sem tratamento), T (n=5, tratados com tamoxifeno, 0,3mg/kg/dia), D (n=8, diabéticos experimentais por estreptozotocina, 45mg/Kg) e DT (n=8, diabéticos tratados com tamoxifeno). A eletroforese foi realizada em acetato de celulose, pH 8,6-8,8, cuba TECNOW, e as fitas foram coradas em Ponceau S. As proteínas totais foram determinadas pelo método do Biureto (Kit Labtest). Os proteinogramas foram obtidos em densitômetro BioSystems BTS-235. RESULTADOS: Albumina diminuiu progressivamente nos grupos T, D e DT; a fração a1 aumentou nos grupos T e DT; a fração a2 aumentou nos grupos T e D, havendo efeito aditivo no grupo DT; a fração b aumentou nos grupos T e D; a fração g aumentou nos grupos T, D e DT. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam uma resposta de fase aguda, com efeito aditivo do tamoxifeno e diabetes, sugerindo uma provável lesão hepática.

Biochemical studies on the effect of S-1,3-butanediol of diabetes induced rats.

The biochemical effect of S-1,3-butanediol on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was studied. Rats were made diabetic by the intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin in sodium citrate buffer. A dosage of 25 mmol/kg body weight of S-1,3-butanediol was injected intraperitoneally for treatment. The streptozotocin induced diabetic rats showed a marked increase in blood glucose level, and significant increase in the level of cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids. The glycogen levels in liver and kidney were greatly decreased in diabetic rats. Treatment with butanediol normalised the glucose and glycogen level but had no significant effect on protein and lipid levels.

Anorectic drugs, diet and serum proteins interrelationship in rats

The effect of two anorectic drugs [phentermine and diethylpropion] on serum total proteins and protein fractions were tested in rats. Two doses [10 and 30 mg/kg body weight] of each drug were tried and their effects were compared with pair fed control groups. The effects of the two drugs were studied when two different diets [high sucrose and high butter fat diet] were fed for 10 days. The picture of serum total proteins and protein fractions was completely different when changing the type of diet. On feeding high butter fat diet, phentermine produced significant increase of serum total proteins, albumin and alpha2 globulin. However, when high sucrose diet was fed, phentermine produced significant increase of gamma globulin and decrease of alpha-1 globulin. Diethylpropion produced a significant increase of gamma globulin and a significant decrease of albumin/globulin [A/G] ratio, when feeding high butter fat diet. On feeding high sucrose diet, diethylpropion produced significant decrease of albumin and A/G ratio

Protein and liver enzyme changes in serum as affected by food color additive tartrazine

The effect of food color additive-tartrazine on soluble proteins content, transaminases [ALT and AST] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] activity in serum male albino rats were studied. Results obtained revealed that levels of serum soluble proteins content was increased insignificantly due to the increase in tartrazine dose. Also, serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased significantly due to tartrazine administration. In addition, the increase in the administration time showed insignificant increase in transaminases, but no change in serum soluble proteins levels and alkaline phosphatase activity was occurred

Effect of aspirin on nutritional parameters, plasma proteins and blood haemoglobin in growing rats

The effect of low and high doses of aspirin [50 and 150 mg/kg rat body weight] on protein efficiency ratio, blood hemoglobin, percentage hematocrit and plasma proteins were studied in growing rats fed balanced diet. Results showed that protein efficiency ratio of rats given the high dose was significantly decreased. Blood hemoglobin increased significantly when aspirin was given. Hematocrit was affected significantly by aspirin treatment. Plasma total protein and globulin increased significantly. Albumin/globulin ratio decreased significantly on administration of both aspirin doses

Liver enzymes and total serum proteins after low dose oral contraceptive pill use

Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, Transaminase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Glutamyl transferase and total serum proteins and their electrophoretic analysis were determined in 60 women using low dose or and oral contraceptive pills for a variable period of time and 20 women without pill use. There was a non significant increase in serum Glutamic pyruvic transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase and alpha - Glutamyl transfer in pill users compared with the nonusers. Serum proteins showed a non significant decrease in pill users compared with the non users. Meanwhile, serum proteins electrophoresis demonstrated a significant decrease in albumin and a significant increase in globulins

Serum protein binding of antiepileptic drugs in Sri Lankans.

The percentage protein binding of antiepileptic drugs was investigated in epileptic patients (n = 90) undergoing treatment with phenobarbitone, phenytoin and carbamazepine either as a single drug therapy or in different combinations. When administered individually, the percentage (mean +/- SEM) protein binding of phenobarbitone, phenytoin and carbamazepine were 50.84 +/- 7.03, 87.23 +/- 2.98 and 76.80 +/- 6.30 respectively. Combination of phenobarbitone and phenytoin resulted in percentage (mean +/- SEM) protein binding of 51.94 +/- 6.09 for phenobarbitone and 83.54 +/- 7.01 for phenytoin, while the combination of phenobarbitone and carbamazepine resulted in percentage (mean +/- SEM) protein binding of 49.60 +/- 2.59 for phenobarbitone and 79.10 +/- 3.31 for carbamazepine. When phenytoin was given with carbamazepine percentage (mean +/- SEM) protein binding was 87.22 +/- 4.48 for phenytoin and 72.50 +/- 5.92 for carbamazepine.

Electrophoretic study of serum proteins in women using oral contraceptive

Effect of short and long term use of oral contraceptives on serum proteins has been studied. Serum total protein showed a significant rise in all the subjects. Serum albumin was found to increase initially globulin followed by a decrease, on the contrary serum showed a progressive increase in general. The aplha1, aplha2, and gamma-globulin fractions showed no significant variation, although increased slightly with duration of the use of oral contraceptive. Beta-globulin fraction showed a significant progressive rise